| Abstract (croatian) | U radu se uspoređuje vitalitet svježe sakupljenog i preležalog sjemena poljskog jasena kao jedne od glavnih vrsta drveća u posavskim nizinskim šumama i nama zanimljive zbog brzine rasta, kratke ophodnje, u usporedbi sa hrastom lužnjakom te tehničke vrijednosti drva. Sjeme vrsta roda Fraxinus spp. često ima perikarp koji je nepropustan za kisik, metaboličke inhibitore u endospermu i embrijima, nedozrele embrije ili nedostatak tvari koje potiču rast u embrijima. Dormantnost sjemena najčešće se savladava toplo-vlažnim i hladno vlažnim postupkom. Sjeme je sakupljano je u G. J. Josip Kozarac kojim gospodari šumarija Lipovljani. Procjena vitaliteta sjemena koje je najranije sakupljeno (21. 08.) obavljena je topografskom metodom tetrazola i u skladu s ISTA pravilima. Sjeme poljskog jasena (urod 2013.) u rasadniku Brestje stavljeno je na stratifikaciju na otvorenom 16. 1. 2015. godine, a sijano 21. 3. 2015. godine. Stratifikacija je trajala 64 dana. Preležalo sjeme poljskog jasena sakupljeno je 20.10.2015. godine. Procjena vitaliteta obavljena je istom metodologijom kao u slučaju svježeg sjemena. Svježe sjeme imalo je vitalitet od 91 %. Nevitalnog sjemena bilo je 9 %, od čega najveći postotak otpada na šturo sjeme (5 %), slijedi insektima oštećeno sjeme (3 %) i sjeme kod kojega je embrio i endosperm imao neobojene površine ili nekroze. Preležalo sjeme imalo je vitalitet od 87%. Nevitalnog sjemena bilo je 13 %, od čega najveći postotak otpada na sjeme kod kojega je embrio s neobojenim površinama ili nekrozama, a endosperm potpuno obojen (10 %). Sjemena kod kojega je embrio i endosperm s neobojenim površinama ili nekrozama bilo je 3 %. Od nevitalnog preležalog sjemena utvrđeno je kako najprije dolazi do razvoja nekroza ili truleži na embriju, a zatim se ona širi na endosperm. Od nekroza ili truleži na embriju primijećene su one s potpunom nekrozom, nekrozom kotiledona, hipokotila i plumule, hipokotila i radikule i samo radikule. Bez obzira na vitalitet od 82%, rasadnička klijavost sjemena u proljeće 2015. godine u rasadniku Brestje iznosila je 0%. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između vitaliteta svježeg i preležalog sjemena. Preležalo sjeme imalo je za 4 % manji vitalitet od svježeg sjemena. Na osnovi ovih istraživanja može se preporučiti početak sakupljanja sjemena poljskog jasena od druge polovice mjeseca kolovoza, jer takvo sjeme pokazuje visoki vitalitet. Kod sjetve sjemena u rasadniku treba voditi brigu o njegovoj starosti, predsjetvenoj pripremi i vremenu sjetve. Preporuka je za buduću rasadničku proizvodnju sadnica poljskog jasena generativnim načinom utvrditi optimalnu vrstu i trajanje stratifikacije sjemena s obzirom na mikroreljefne različitosti rasta matičnih stabala s kojih je sakupljano sjeme (bara, niza, greda), klimu i sjemensku rajonizaciju. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper compares the viability of freshly collected and delayed germination seeds of Narrow-leaved ash as one of the main tree species in lowland forests of Posavina. This tree species is of particular interest to us due to its growth rate, short rotation as compared to that of common oak, as well as the technical value of wood. The seeds of the genus Fraxinus spp. often have a pericarp, which is impermeable to oxygen, metabolic inhibitors in the endosperm and embryos, immature embryos or lack of substances that promote embryo growth. Seed dormancy is usually eliminated with warm-wet and cold-wet process. The seeds were collected in the Josip Kozarac forest management unit, managed by the forest office Lipovljani. The viabiliy of the seeds that were collected earliest (21 August) was estimated using the topographical tetrazole method in accordance with the ISTA rules. The seeds of Narrow-leaved ash (crop 2013) in the nursery Brestje was placed under stratification in the open on 16 January 2015 and sown on 21 March 2015. Stratification lasted for 64 days. The delayed germination seeds of Narrow-leaved ash were collected on 20 October 2015. Viability was assessed using the same methodology as in the case of fresh seeds. Fresh seeds have viability of 91%. There was 9% of non-viable seed, of which the largest percent have empty seeds (5%), followed by insect-damaged seeds (3%) and seeds in which the embryo and endosperm had unstained areas or necrosis. Delayed germination seeds had seed vigour of 87%. There were 13% of non-viable seeds, of which the highest percentage were the seeds containing embryos with unstained surfaces or necroses, and fully coloured endosperm (10%). Seeds in which the embryo and endosperm had unstained surfaces or necrosis accounted for 3%. Necrosis or embryo rot, which then spread to the endosperm, was detected in non-viable delayed germination seed. As for necrosis or embryo rot, seeds were observed with complete necrosis, necrosis of cotyledons, hypocotyls and plumule, hypocotyls and radicle and radicle alone. In the spring of 2015 nursery seed germination in the nursery Brestje was 0% despite 82% vitality. A statistically significant difference was found between the viability of fresh and delayed germination seeds. The viability of delayed germination seeds was 4% lower than that of fresh seeds. Based on these studies, the collection of seeds of Narrow-leaved ash is recommended to begin from the second half of August, since such seeds manifest high viability. When sowing seeds in the nursery, account should be taken of its age, pre-sowing preparation and sowing time. A recommendation for future nursery production of Narrow-leaved ash seedlings with a generative method involves determining the optimal type and duration of seed stratification with respect to micro-relief growth diversity of parent trees from which the seeds are collected (micro-depressions, unsoaked micro-depressions, micro-elevations), climate and seed zoning |
