Ergonomska, energijska i ekonomska pogodnost baterijskih alata u radovima čišćenja jednodobnih sastojina

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Ergonomic, energetic and economic suitability of battery tools in the cleaning of the even-aged stands
• Author: Marin Bačić
• Mentor: Zdravko Pandur (mentor)
• Committee member: Marijan Šušnjar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Matija Landekić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Antun Poje (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology; (Institute of Forest Engineering); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-02-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Forestry
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 630 - Silviculture. Afforestation. Felling. Logging

Abstract

Radovi čišćenja se u hrvatskom šumarstvu izvode sa motornim pilama (tzv. uzgojne pile) i jednostavnim ručnim alatima (kosir, mačeta, srp). Čišćenje mlade sastojine je rad koji uzrokuje veliko fizičko opterećenje kod radnika. Uvjeti rada su izuzetno nepovoljni (rad sa opasnim alatima, gusto raslinje, insekti, visoka temperatura i vlažnost, rad u dubokom pretklonu). Razvojem baterijske tehnologije te povećanjem energijske autonomnosti, na tržištu se sve više pojavljuju alati koji se mogu primijeniti u radovima čišćenja. Ovim istraživanjem nastoji se utvrditi prije svega ergonomska, a zatim energijska i ekonomska pogodnost baterijskih alata u radovima čišćenja jednodobni sastojina. Korištene metode ergonomske procjene se baziraju na snimanju efektivnog rada video kamerom, mjerenju razina vibracija na promatranim alatima, mjerenju frekvencije srca radnika, te procjeni položaja tijela. Za energijsku i ekonomsku procjenu se bilježi utrošak energenata i učinak rada. Također je korištena bespilotna letjelica u svrhu vizualne kontrole izvršenja radova. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da je dnevna izloženost vibracijama manja pri radu sa baterijskim alatima u usporedbi sa konvencionalnim ekvivalentima. Fizičko opterećenje je manje i u ranijem i u kasnijem čišćenju pri radu sa baterijskim alatima u usporedbi sa konvencionalnim alatima. REBA procjenom posturalnog opterećenja pri radu sa promatranim alatima je utvrđeno da baterijske pile uzrokuju veće posturalno opterećenje od motornih pila, dok baterijske škare uzrokuju manje posturalno opterećenje od ručnih alata. Baterijska pila zahtijeva manje utrošene energije nego motorna pila, također su i materijalni troškovi manji kod rada sa baterijskom pilom. Razlika u radnom učinku između baterijskih škara i ručnih alata je manja od 10 %, dok je razlika u radnom učinku između baterijske pile i motorne pile veća od 10 %. Ortofoto snimke radilišta snimljene bespilotnom letjelicom u tri navrata su omogućile vizualnu kontrolu izvršenja radova. Rezultati istraživanja imaju svrhu u boljem razumijevanju tehnika i metoda korištenih u radovima čišćenja, problema koji se javljaju, te u potencijalnim rješenjima i poboljšanjima.

Abstract (english)

Cleaning works in Croatian forestry are performed with chainsaws (so-called silvicultural chainsaws) and simple hand tools (billhook, machete, sickle). Cleaning of a young stand is work that causes great physical strain on workers. Working conditions are extremely unfavorable (work with dangerous tools, dense vegetation, insects, high temperature and humidity, bending). With the development of battery technology and the increase of energy autonomy, tools that can be used in cleaning works are increasingly appearing on the market. This research seeks to determine first of all the ergonomic, and then the energetic and economic suitability of battery tools in the cleaning of the even-aged stands. The ergonomic assessment methods used are based on recording the effective work using a video camera, measuring the vibration levels on the observed tools, measuring the heart rate of workers, and assessing body position. For energetic and economic assessment energy consumption and performance were recorded. An unmanned aerial vehicle was also used for the purpose of visual control of the execution of works. The results of the research confirm that the daily exposure to vibrations is lower when working with battery tools compared to conventional equivalents. Physical load is less in both earlier and later cleaning when working with battery tools compared to conventional tools. REBA assessment of postural load when working with the observed tools showed that battery chainsaws cause higher postural load than regular chainsaws, while battery shears cause less postural load than hand tools. Battery chainsaw requires less energy than a regular chainsaw, and costs are also lower when working with a battery chainsaw. The performance difference between battery shears and hand tools is less than 10 %, while performance difference between battery chainsaw and regular chainsaw is greater than 10 %. Orthophoto images of the site taken by the drone on three occasions enabled visual control of the execution of works. Theresults of the research are intended to better understand the techniques and methods used in cleaning works, the problems that arise, and potential solutions and improvements.

• Keywords: baterijski alati; čišćenje sastojina; A(8); REBA procjena; frekvencija srca; energija; učinak; troškovi
• Keywords (english): battery tools; forest cleaning; A(8); REBA assessment; heart rate; energy; performance; costs
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:108:160605
• Promotion: 2022
• Study programme: Title: Forestry and Wood Technology - postgraduate doctoral study - university; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje šumarstvo (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje šumarstvo)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-11-25 13:18:57