Utjecaj mreže kanala na vlagu tla u šumskom ekosustavu hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.)

master's thesis

• Title (english): The influence of the channel network on soil moisture in the oak (Quercus robur L.) forest ecosystem
• Author: Matej Knezičić
• Mentor: Damir Ugarković (mentor)
• Committee member: Damir Ugarković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivica Tikvić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Perković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology; (Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Forestry

Abstract

Voda je ključni ekološki čimbenik za nizinske šumske ekosustave. Antropogeni utjecaji na hidrologiju nizinskih šumskih ekosustava su čest predmet istraživanja i povezani su s negativnim pojavama u tim ekosustavima poput smanjenja bioraznolikosti, pada vitalnosti te izostanka uroda sjemena nizinskih šumskih vrsta drveća. Gradnja odvodnih kanala je jedan od načina na koji čovjek utječe na nizinske šumske ekosustave. Duboki odvodni kanali snižavaju razinu podzemnih voda te time povećavaju sušni stres u šumama. Plitki odvodni kanali u sastojinama se koriste za odvodnju viška poplavne vode iz sastojina. To može imati pozitivan učinak na mlade sastojine i sastojine u obnovi, pogotovo prilikom prisutnosti poplavne vode u vrijeme trajanja vegetacijskog razdoblja. Međutim, mogući negativni učinci takvih kanala na šumske ekosustave još uvijek nisu dovoljno istraženi. U ovom radu su analizirani trendovi vodotoka na području nizinskih šuma Draganićkih lugova. Postavljene su dvije pokusne plohe u dvije sastojine hrasta lužnjaka, pri čemu su u jednoj prisutni plitki odvodni kanali, a u drugoj ne. Izmjerene su dimenzije i vodostaji tih kanala. U obje sastojine je izmjerena mikroklima tla te sastojinska mikroklima. Provedena statistička analiza tih podataka je pokazala značajan trend smanjivanja vodostaja vodotoka tog područja. Utvrđene su razlike u dimenzijama različitih tipova kanala prisutnih u sastojini. Utvrđena je i statistički značajna razlika u volumetrijskoj vlazi tla u te dvije sastojine, pri čemu je razlika bila najveća na dubinama tla koje se podudaraju s dubinama kanala u sastojini. Analizom vodne bilance nije utvrđen manjak vode što može biti posljedica iznadprosječno vlažnog dijela godine u kojem je provedeno istraživanje. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na negativan učinak plitkih odvodnih kanala na vlagu tla u sastojini koji može doći do većeg izražaja u sušem dijelu vegetacijskog razdoblja. Međutim, uvažene su i koristi koje takvi kanali pružaju te su predloženi neki postupci kojima bi se pozitivni učinci kanala zadržali, a negativni umanjili.

Abstract (english)

Water is a key ecological factor for lowland forest ecosystems. Anthropogenic impacts on the hydrology of lowland forest ecosystems are a common subject of research and are associated with negative phenomena in these ecosystems, such as reduced biodiversity, decreased vitality, andthe absence of seed production in lowland forest tree species. The construction of drainage canals is one way humans impact lowland forest ecosystems. Deep drainage canals lower the groundwater level, thereby increasingdrought stress inforests. Shallow drainage canals in stands are used to drain excess floodwater from the stands. This can have a positive effect on young stands and stands in the process of regeneration, especially in case floodwater is present during the vegetation period. However, the potential negative effects of such canals on forest ecosystems are still not sufficiently researched. In this study, trends in watercourses in the lowland forests of the Draganićki lugovi area were analysed. Two experimental plots were set up in two pedunculate oak stands, one with shallow drainage canals presentandtheotherwithout.Thedimensionsand water levelsofthese canals were measured. The microclimate of the soil and the stand were measured in both stands. Statistical analysis showed a significant trend of decreasing water levels in the watercourses of that area. Differences in the dimensions of different types of canals present in the stand were determined. A statistically significant difference in volumetric water content of soil was also found between the two stands, with the difference being greatest at soil depths that correspond to the depths of the canals in the stand. The water balance analysis did not reveal a water deficit, which maybe due to the above-average amount of rainfall and floodwater in the research period. The results of the research indicate the negative effect of shallow drainage canals on soil moisture in the stand, which can become increasingly apparent during the drier part of the vegetation period. However, the benefits these canals provide were also considered, and some measures were proposed to retain the positive effects of the canals while mitigating the negative ones.

• Keywords: Hidrologija; nizinska šuma; poplavna šuma; kanal; odvodnja; hrast lužnjak
• Keywords (english): Hydrology; lowland forest; floodplain forest; canal; drainage; pedunculate oak
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:108:439563
• Study programme: Title: Forestry; department; Silviculture and Forest Management with Wildlife Management; specializations in: Silviculture and Management Planning with Wildlife Management; Course: Silviculture and Management Planning with Wildlife Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka šumarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka šumarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-08-26 07:02:07