Prostorna distribucija dabra (Castor fiber L.) i predložene mjere zaštite s ciljem održivog suživota s čovjekom unutar obuhvata Gospodarske jedinice Varaždinske podravske šume

master's thesis

• Title (english): Spatial distribution of euroasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) and suggested protection measures aimed at sustainable coexistence with humans within Working unit "Varaždinske podravske forests"
• Author: Svijetlana Borak
• Mentor: Marko Vucelja (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Vucelja (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijan Grubešić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristijan Tomljanović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology; (Institute of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-11-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Forestry

Abstract

Do unatrag otprilike 150 godina dabar (Castor fiber L.) je bio domicilni član faune Hrvatske, a kako je nestao, reintroduciran je u njegova prirodna staništa od 1996. do 1998. godine, čime je ova vrsta vraćena na popis hrvatske faune i divljači. Dabar je vrsta koja je ujedno zaštićena i ugrožena, prema tome važnost osmišljavanja i donošenja te učinkovita provedba plana gospodarenja dabrom od krucijalne je važnosti za očuvanje staništa ove vrste. U cilju postizanja održivog suživota dabra i čovjeka, od jednake je važnosti pravovremeno provođenje mjera prevencije i zaštite kako bi se spriječile moguće štete koje dabar može prouzročiti. Cilj ovoga rada bio je - na temelju evidentiranih aktivnosti - utvrditi prisutnost i prostorni raspored dabrovih nastamba, procijeniti brojno stanje dabrove populacije te postojanja rizika od nastanka šteta na području obuhvata Gospodarske jedinice Varaždinske podravske šume. Ciljevi su također uključivali procjenu opasnosti (mala, umjerena, velika) od nastanka šteta kao posljedica dabrovih aktivnosti na istraživanom području te predlaganje adekvatnih mjera zaštite. Terestrički obilazak ukupno pet ploha (dužine 1,54 km), koji je uključivao pregled vodotoka te zone uskog obalnog pojasa (širine cca 20 m), utvrđena je prisutnost triju dabrovih nastamba, dva tunela, 80 dabrovih staza i pet brana. Na temelju utvrđenih znakova prisutnosti procijenjeno je da istraživano područje koristi ili da na njemu obitava približno 37 jedinki (potencijalno šest familija). Na većini transekata utvrđene su dominantno stare grizotine te slaba aktivnost dabrova. Najveća aktivnost dabrova utvrđena je na plohi 5 (transektu 5a). U ovisnosti od blizine objekata (poljoprivrednih površina, cesta, nasipa i dr.) na kojima bi dabrovi svojom aktivnošću mogli prouzročiti neki vid oštećenja, za dvije je plohe (Ploha 2 i Ploha 3) procijenjena potencijalno velika opasnost nastanka šteta, za dvije plohe (Ploha 4 i Ploha 5) procijenjena je umjerena opasnost te za jednu plohu mala opasnost (Ploha 1). Predložene mjere zaštite s obzirom na viđeno stanje na istraživanom području bile su: ograđivanje pojedinačnih stabala žičanom ogradom, ograđivanje poljoprivrednih usjeva (elektro) ogradom, primjena kamenih gromada na nasipima radi sprječavanje kopanja jama i tunela te sprječavanje začepljenja propusta konstrukcijom željeznog kaveza. Potencijalno nastale rupe i tunele na poljskim putevima također potrebno je ispuniti radi sprječavanja sekundarne štete. S obzirom da je na istraživanom području dabar konfliktna, ali ujedno i strogo zaštićena te ciljna vrsta ekološke mreže, poduzimanje odgovarajućih i racionalnih mjera zaštite i prevencije štete, temeljni je preduvjet je postizanja održivog suživota s čovjekom.

Abstract (english)

About 150 years ago, the eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) was a native species of the Croatian fauna, and as it disappeared, it was reintroduced to its natural habitats from 1996. to 1998., which returned this species to Croatian fauna and wildlife list. The beaver is a species that is both protected and endangered, therefore the importance of designing and adopting and effectively implementing a beaver management plan is crucial for the preservation of the habitat of this species. In order to achieve sustainable coexistence between beaver and humans, it is equally important to implement prevention and protection measures in order to prevent possible damage that beavers can cause. The aim of this work - based on recorded beaver activities - was to determine the presence and spatial distribution of beaver lodges, to assess the quantity of the beaver population and the possible beaver-damage risk in the area of Varaždin Podravina Forest Management Unit. One of the aims was also to propose protection measures against the negative consequences of beaver activities and to. The objectives also included assessing the damage risk (low, moderate, high) as a result of beaver activities in the research area and proposing adequate protection measures. A terrestrial survey of five different plots (1.54 km in lenght), which included an inspection of the watercourse and the narrow coastal zone (approx. 20 m wide), determined the presence of three beaver lodges, two tunnels, 80 beaver trails and five dams. Based on recorded signs of beaver presence, it was estimated that the study area is inhabited by approximately 31 individuals (potentially around five families). On most transects at experimental plots, mainly old gnawing marks and low beaver activity were determined. The highest beaver activity was determined on plot 5 (transect 5a). Depending on the proximity of different objects (agricultural areas, roads, embankments, etc.) on which beavers could cause some type of damage through their activity, two plots (Plot 2 and Plot 3) were assessed as potentially high risk of damage, two plots (Plot 4 and Plot 5) were assessed as moderate risk, and one plot was assessed as low risk (Plot 1). Proposed protection measures within research area included fencing individual trees with a wire fence, fencing agricultural crops with an electric fence, using boulders on embankments to prevent digging pits and tunnels, and preventing clogging of culverts with the construction of an iron cage. Beaver holes and tunnels on roads also need to be filled in order to prevent secondary damage. Taking into account that the beaver is a “conflict species” within research area, but is also strictly protected and target species of the ecological network, taking appropriate and rational protection and damage prevention measures is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable coexistence with our own species.

• Keywords: dabar (Castor fiber L.); brojnost; nastambe; štete; Varaždinske podravske šume
• Keywords (english): eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.); abundance; beaver lodge; beaver damage; Varaždinske podravske forests
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:108:590898
• Study programme: Title: Graduate Studies Silviculture and Forest Management with Wildlife Management; specializations in: Graduate Studies - Programme: Silviculture and Forest Management with Wildlife Management; Course: Graduate Studies - Programme: Silviculture and Forest Management with Wildlife Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka šumarstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka šumarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to authenticated users
• Created on: 2024-12-04 08:33:53