Kemijski sastav i tok iona atmosferskog taloženja u ekosustavima alepskoga bora (Pinus halepensis Mill.) i crnog bora (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) u srednjodalmatinskom slijevnom području

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): The chemical composition and ion fluxes from atmospheric deposition in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) ecosystem in the catchment of Central Dalmatia
• Author: Ivan Limić
• Mentor: Darko Bakšić (mentor)
• Mentor: Lukrecija Butorac (komentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Perković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Forestry
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 630 - Silviculture. Afforestation. Felling. Logging

Abstract

Mediteranski šumski ekosustavi jedni su od najugroženijih u Republici Hrvatskoj, a zbog općekorisnih funkcija koje pružaju od iznimne su važnosti. Uz klimatske promjene, izloženi su utjecaju atmosferskog taloženja koje može biti dodatni izvor hranjivih tvari, ali i izvor onečišćenja koje uzrokuje ozbiljne i dalekosežne posljedice. Iakopostoje istraživanja koja objašnjavaju utjecaj šuma na promjenu prostorne raspodjele i kemijskog sastava oborina koje dospiju na šumsko tlo, otopinu tla i vodotoke, malo je dostupnih podataka o borovim šumama na Mediteranu. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su odrediti koncentracije i opterećenja iona prispjelih atmosferskim taloženjem u ekosustavima alepskog i crnog borateutvrditi ulogu njihovih krošnji nadinamiku kretanjaionaprispjelih iz atmosfere. Također je cilj bio procijeniti stvarna opterećenja taloženja kiselih spojeva i dušika, usporediti ih s empirijskim kritičnim opterećenjima, te utvrditi unos i dinamiku kretanja iona, prispjelih atmosferskim taloženjem u otopinama i vodotocima. Područje istraživanja je u srednje dalmatinskom slijevnim području na lokalitetu alepskog i crnog bora. Na svakom lokalitetu odabrane su pokusne plohe (unutar šume, izvan šume i na opožarenom staništu). Prikupljanje, uzorkovanje i analiza svih vodenih uzoraka rađena je prema ICP metodologiji. Najviše koncentracije iona u šumi utvrđene su nakon sušnog perioda što je posljedica sezonalnosti oborina i ispiranja suho nataloženih čestica skrošnje drveća, štoje posebnouočljivoušumi alepskog bora. Utvrđeno je da su stvarna opterećenja dušikom prešla kritična opterećenja za šumu alepskog bora, ali ne i za šumu crnog bora. Također je utvrđeno da se opterećenje kiselim spojevima u šumi alepskog bora i crnog bora ne razlikuje. Uspoređujući koncentracije iona u oborinama s koncentracijama iona u otopinama prikupljenim lizimetrima na svim pokusnim plohama utvrđeno je da su koncentracije svih iona bile više u otopinama. Također, koncentracije gotovo svih iona u otopinama u šumi ispod šumske prostirke i 10 cm mineralnog dijela tla bile više nego u otopinama tla izvan šume i u otopini tla na opožarenom staništu. Usporedbom vodotoka na lokalitetima alepskog i crnog bora utvrđeno je da su jedino koncentracije NO3- i NH4+ bile usporedive s atmosferskim taloženjem.

Abstract (english)

Mediterranean forest ecosystems are among the most endangered in our country, anddue to the general benefits they provide, they are ofexceptional importance. With climate change, they are exposed to the influence of atmospheric deposition which can be an additional source of nutrients, but also a source of pollution that causes serious andfar-reachingconsequences. Although there are studies explaining the impact of forests on the spatial distribution and chemical composition of precipitation that reaches forest soil, soil solution, and streamwaters, there is little data available on pine forests in the Mediterranean. The aims of the research were to determine the concentrations and loads of ions deposited by atmospheric deposition in the ecosystems of Aleppo and black pine, and to determine the role of their canopies in the dynamics of the movement ofionscoming from the atmosphere. To estimate the actual loads of acid and nitrogen deposition and compare them with empirical critical loads, and to determine the input and dynamics of the movement of ions deposited by atmospheric deposition in soil solution and streamwaters. The research area is the central Dalmatian watershed area at the site of Aleppo and black pine. On each site, experimental plots were selected (inside the forest, outside the forest, and on a burned site). Collection, sampling, and analysis of all water samples were done according to the ICP methodology. The highest concentrations of ions in the forest were determined after a dry period, which is due to the seasonality of precipitation and washing off dry deposited particles from tree canopies, which is particularly noticeable in Aleppopine forests. It was found that actual nitrogen loadsexceededcritical loadsforAleppopine forests, but not for blackpine forests. Itwas alsofound that the load of acid compounds in Aleppo and black pine forests does not differ. Comparing ion concentrations in precipitation with ion concentrations in soil solution collected by lysimeters on all experimental plots, it was found that the concentrations of all ions were higher in soil solutions. Also, the ions concentrations in soil solutions in forest below the forest floor, the mineral part of the soil, were higher than in soil solutions outside the forest and in soil solutions on the burned site. It was found that only the concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ in streamwater were comparable to atmospheric deposition.

• Keywords: atmosfersko taloženje; alepski bor; crni bor; oborine; otopine; vodotoci; koncentracije iona
• Keywords (english): atmospheric deposition; Aleppo pine; black pine; rainfall; soil solution; streamwater; ion concentrations
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:108:792768
• Promotion: 2023
• Study programme: Title: Forestry and Wood Technology - postgraduate doctoral study - university; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje šumarstvo (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje šumarstvo)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-18 07:29:13