| Abstract | Poljski je jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia) posljednjih 13 godina najugroženija vrsta drveća u Hrvatskoj. Početak odumiranja uzrokovanog bolešću antraknoze i raka jasena zabilježen je 2011. godine, a koincidira s pojavom gljive Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. S obzirom da sastojine u kojima pridolazi kao glavna vrsta drveća prekrivaju više od 30 000 ha, posljedice njegovog odumiranja očituju se ogromnim ekološkim, biološkim i ekonomskim problemima. Osim navedene, oboljenja i odumiranje stabala uzrokuju i brojne druge vrste gljiva, a jedna od skupina jesu i gljive truležnice. Istraživanjem provedenim kroz dvije godine na području uprava šuma Zagreb, Sisak, Nova Gradiška i Vinkovci pregledano je 1000 živih stabala te utvrđena prisutnost gljiva truležnica, opservacijom njihovih plodišta, na njih 193. Ta stabla pokazuju stanovite simptome djelovanja gljiva truležnica, kao što su osipanje krošnje, puknuća kore, trulež debla i korijena. Najčešće evidentirane gljive jesu Coprinellus sect. micacei, Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. resinaceum, Lentinus tigrinus te Schizopora paradoxa. Spomenuti taksoni uzrokuju teške simptome bolesti, a njihov učinak na poljski jasen pokazuju i posljedice nevremena 19. srpnja 2023. nakon kojeg se izvaljuje veliki broj stabala koja su sva redom na sebi imala plodišta barem jedne od tih vrsta. Zanimljivi su i nalazi nekih vrsta gljiva koje se obično ne smatraju parazitima, a ovim istraživanjem su potvrđene na živim stablima. To su Abortiporus biennis, Coprinellus micaceus, Coprinellus disseminatus, Daldinia concentrica, Phleogena faginea te Pallidohirschioporus biformis. Zaključno s time, gljive truležnice su uz već spomenutu bolest Hymenoscyphus fraxineus najveći biotski čimbenik koji dovodi do odumiranja poljskog jasena u Hrvatskoj. |
| Abstract (english) | The narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) has been the most endangered tree species in Croatia for the past 13 years. The onset of dieback caused by the disease anthracnose and ash dieback was reported in 2011, coinciding with the appearance of the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Given that the stands where it is the dominant tree species cover more than 30,000 hectares, the consequences of its decline result in enormous ecological, biological, and economic problems. Besides the H. fraxineus, tree dieback is also contributed by numerous other fungal species, including decay fungi. In a two-year study conducted in the forest management areas of Zagreb, Sisak, Nova Gradiška, and Vinkovci, 1,000 living trees were inspected, and the presence of decay fungi was confirmed on 193 of them by observing their fruiting bodies. These trees exhibit certain symptoms of the effects of decay fungi, such as crown transparency, bark cracks, trunk and root decay. The most frequently recorded fungi were Coprinellus sect. micacei, Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. resinaceum, Lentinus tigrinus, and Schizopora paradoxa. These taxa cause severe disease symptoms, and the impact on narrow-leaved ash was evident after the storm on July 19, 2023, which led to the uprooting of a large number of trees, all of which had fruiting bodies of at least one of these species. Interesting findings also include some fungal species that are not typically considered parasites, but were confirmed on living trees during this study. These are Abortiporus biennis, Coprinellus micaceus, Coprinellus disseminatus, Daldinia concentrica, Phleogena faginea, and Pallidohirschioporus biformis. In conclusion, decay fungi, along with the disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, are the most significant biotic factors leading to the dieback of narrow-leaved ash in Croatia. |
